The 28-year-old centre-back, normally a mainstay of the Hoops' defence, has not featured in a competitive fixture since suffering the serious setback.
He made his return to action in Celtic's pre-season friendly against Shelbourne after also missing the USA's home World Cup campaign.
Looking back on Celtic's dramatic finish to the season, Carter-Vickers admitted the emotions were intense.
"It was crazy," he told Daily Record.
"If you know you're going to win it like that, that's probably the most exciting way to do it.